International E-publication: Publish Projects, Dissertation, Theses, Books, Souvenir, Conference Proceeding with ISBN.  International E-Bulletin: Information/News regarding: Academics and Research

Acute Toxicity of Mercury (HgCl2) to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus

    , , , , , ,

Author Affiliations

  • 1Interfaculty Centre of Training and Research in Environment for Sustainable Development (CIFRED), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 03 BP 1463, Jéricho, Cotonou BENIN
  • 2 Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 01BP 526 Cotonou, BENIN
  • 3Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, university of Lagos, NIGERIA

Res.J.chem.sci., Volume 2, Issue (3), Pages 41-45, March,18 (2012)

Abstract

In order to assess the acute toxicity of mercury on Clarias gariepinus, 108 fish of mean weight 51.27 g ± 2.01 and mean length 20. 2 cm ± 0.72 were divided into six groups of six fish each. The different groups were exposed to the different concentrations of 0 mg/L, 0.3 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.8 mg/L, 1 mg/L et 1.50 mg/L for a period of 96 hours. The experiment was triplicated. The results revealed that all the fish of groups exposed to 0 mg/L of HgCl2 (control) survived whereas all the fish of groups exposed to 1 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L died. The determination of 96 hours LC50 was carried out by computing the mortality results in Probit program of SPSS (version 17.0). The median lethal concentration was 0.60 mg/L with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.135 mg/L and 3.519 mg/L respectively at 95%.

References

  1. Bhattacharya T., Chakraborty S., Fadadu B. and Bhattacharya Priya, Heavy metal concentrations in street and leaf deposited dust in Anand city, India, Res. J. Chem. Sci., Vol. 1(5), 61-66, (2011)
  2. Adamu C.I., Nganje T.N., Ukwang E.E., Ibe K.A. and Neji P., A Study of the Distribution pattern of Heavy metals in surface soils around Arufu Pb-Zn mine, Northeastern Nigeria, Using Factor Analysis, Res. J. Chem. Sci., 1(2), 70-80 (2011)
  3. Babu G. R., Reddy B. M., Ramana N.V. and Sashidhar C., Effect of Heavy metal and Magnesium Sulfate on Properties of Blended Cement Mortar, Res.J. Chem. Sci., 1(7), 27-32 (2011)
  4. Ujowundu C.O., Kalu F.N., Nwaoguikpe R.N., Kalu O.I., Ihejirika C.E., Nwosunjoku E.C.,Okechukwu R.I., Biochemical and Physical Characterization of Diesel Petroleum Contaminated Soil in South-eastern Nigeria, Res.J.Chem.Sci., 1(8), 57-62, (2011)
  5. Eruola A.O., Ufoegbune G.C., Eruola A.O. Awomeso J.A. and Abhulimen S.A., Assessment of Cadmium, Lead and Iron in Hand Dug Wells of Ilaro and Aiyetoro, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria, Res.J.Chem.Sci, 1(9), 1-5 (2011)
  6. Olaifa F.E. Olaifa A.K., and Onwude T.E., Lethal and sub-lethal effects of copper to the African catfish (Clarians Gariepinus) Juveniles, African Journal of Biomedical Research, 7, 65 -70 (2004)
  7. Sunderland E.M. and Chmura G.L., An inventory of historical mercury emissions in Maritime Canada: Implications for present and future contamination, The Science of the Total Environment, 256, 39-57 (2000)
  8. Angle C.R. and Mcintire M.S., Red cell lead, whole blood lead, and red cell enzymes, Environmental Health Perspectives, 7, 133-137 (1974)
  9. Micryakov V.R. and Lapirova T.B., Influence of salts of some heavy metals on the differential blood count in juvenile Acipenser baeri, J. Ichthyol., 37(6), 458-462 (1997)
  10. Odiete W.O., Environmental Physiology of Animals and Pollution. First Edition. Diversified Resources Limited, Lagos (1999)
  11. UNEP (United Nations Environmental Program), Estimation of the lethal toxicity of pollutants in marine fish and invertebrates, Reference methods for marine pollution studies, 43, 27 (1989)
  12. ASTM (American Society for Testing of Materials) Method 729-90, Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Test with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians, ASTM, Philadelphia, 403-422 (1991)
  13. Okomoda J., AyubaV.O. and Omeji S., Heamatological Changes of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)Fingerlings Exposed To Acute Toxicity of Formalin, PAT 2010; 6 (1), 92-10 (2010)
  14. Standing Committee of Analysts, Acute Toxicity testing with aquatic organisms. Methods for the Examination of Waters and Associated Materials, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. (1981)
  15. Ward G.S. and Parrish P.R., Manual of methods in aquatic environmental research, Part 6, Toxicity Tests, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 185 FIRI/T185 (1982)
  16. Datta M. and Kaviraj A., Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid Deltamethrin to Freshwater Catfish Clarias gariepinus, Bull. Environment Toxicol, 70, 296-29 (2002)
  17. Fafioye O.O., Adebisi A.A. and Fagade S.O., Toxicity of Parkia biglobosa and Raphia vinifera extracts on Clarias gariepinus juveniles, African Journal of Biotechnology, 3(11), 627-630 (2004)
  18. Guedenon P., Edorh P.A., Hounkpatin A. S.Y., Alimba C. G, Ogunkanmi A., Boko M., Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 5(6), 2497-2501 (2011)
  19. Hirt L.M. and Domitrovic, H.A. Toxicidad yrespuesta histopatológica en Aequidens portalegrensis (Pisces, Cichlidae) expuesto a bicloruro de mercurio en ensayos de toxicidad aguda y subletales. Reunion de communicaciones scientificas tecnologicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, 1999, Anais... Tomo IV (Ciências Veterinárias), 19-22 (1999)
  20. Slabbert J.L. and Venter E.A., Biological assays for aquatic toxicity testing. Wat. Sci.Tech., 39(10-11) , 367-373 (1999)
  21. Shyong W.J. and Chen H.C., Acute toxicity of copper, cadmium, and mercury to the freshwater fish Varicorhinus barbatulus and Zacco barbata, Acta Zool, Taiwanica, 11(1), 33-45 (2000)
  22. Ishikawa N.M., Ranzani-Paiva M.J.T., Lombardi J.V., Acute toxicity of mercury (hgcl2) to Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, B, Inst. Pesca, São Paulo, 33(1), 99 – 104 (2007)
  23. Ayuba V.O., Ofojekwu P.C., Acute toxicity of the root extract of Jimsons Weed Datura innoxia to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, Journals of Aquatic Sciences, 17(2), 131-133 (2002)
  24. Ezike C, Ufodike E.B.C., Acute toxicityof petrol to the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, Annals of research in Nigeria, 6, 1-4 (2008)
  25. Lawson E.O., Ndimele P/E., Jimoh A.A., Whenu O.O., Acute Toxicity of Lindane (Gamma Hexachloro Cyclohexane) to African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Int. J. Anim. Veter. Adv., 3(2), 63-68 (2011)
  26. Oti E.E., Acute Toxicity of cassava mill effluent to the African catfish fingerlings, .Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 20(2), 134-137 (2002)
  27. Oshode O.A., Bakare A.A., Adeogun A.A., Sowunmi A.A., Ecotoxicological Assessment using Clarias gariepinus and Microbial Characterization of Leachate from Municipal Solid Landfill, International Journal of Environmental Research, 2(4), 391-400 (2008)
  28. Ofojekwu P.C., Effects of sublethal concentrations of Datura innoxia leaf on weight gain in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 20(2) (2005)
  29. Omitoyin B.O., Metabolic effects of malachite green on Clarias gariepinus juveniles, Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2, 422-460 (2007)
  30. Valee B.I. and Ulmer H.D., Biochemical effects of mercury, cadmium and lead, Annu.Rev. Biochem., 41, 91-128, (1972)